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饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆生长性能及生化指标的影响
引用本文:刘襄河,叶继丹,王子甲,王 琨,孔江红.饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆生长性能及生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(3):450-458.
作者姓名:刘襄河  叶继丹  王子甲  王 琨  孔江红
作者单位:1. 集美大学水产学院,福建,厦门,361021;厦门市饲料检测与安全评价重点实验室,福建,厦门,361021
2. 集美大学水产学院,福建,厦门,361021
基金项目:福建省自然基金(2006J0422); 福建省科技高校专项(2006F5065); 厦门市科技重点项目(3502Z20093024)
摘    要:以鱼粉和豆粕分别为主要动物性和植物性蛋白源,研究饲料中不同豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆幼鱼生长性能和生化指标的影响。设计4∶1、3∶1、2∶1和1∶1四种不同动植物蛋白比的等氮等脂饲料配方,按配方制备试验饲料,分别表示为D1、D2、D3和D4。牙鲆幼鱼随机分配到12个设有循环水系统的玻璃钢桶内(900L),每3桶鱼饲喂一种饲料,每天投喂饲料2次,每次达到表观饱食,饲喂期为56d。以增重率(WGR)、饵料系数(FCR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、肝体指数(HSI)、肥满度(CF)、鱼体成分和饲料成本为依据,综合评价饲料中不同比例的豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆的饲养效果。通过测定尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等生化指标,研究饲料中不同豆粕替代鱼粉比例对牙鲆蛋白质代谢和脂肪代谢的影响。随豆粕比例的增加,WGR、PER和SGR逐渐降低,FCR逐渐增加,当饲料中豆粕比例在24%以上时差异显著(P<0.05);HSI逐渐增加,且D1组显著低于其他...

关 键 词:牙鲆  豆粕  鱼粉  生长性能  生化指标  
收稿时间:2009/7/30 0:00:00
修稿时间:2009/10/30 0:00:00

Partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
LIU Xiang-he,YE Ji-dan,WANG Zi-jia,WANG Kun,KONG Jiang-hong.Partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(3):450-458.
Authors:LIU Xiang-he  YE Ji-dan  WANG Zi-jia  WANG Kun  KONG Jiang-hong
Affiliation:LIU Xiang-he 1,2,YE Ji-dan 1,WANG Zi-jia 1,WANG Kun1,KONG Jiang-hong1 (1.Fisheries College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China,2.Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing , Safety Evaluation,China)
Abstract:The utilization potential of soybean meal as an alternative protein source for fish meal in practical diets for the juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was assessed in the present study. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 47% protein and 9% lipid. The animal-plant protein ratios (A/P ratio) in the diets, representing 4:1 (D1), 3 : 1 (D2), 2 : 1 (D3) and 1 : 1 (D4), respectively, were calculated by adjustment of supplementing proportion of fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred and forty Japanese flounder with an initial average body weight of (13.22± 0.02) g were randomly assigned into twelve 900-liter tanks equipped with a flow-through seawater system. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of twenty fish each. The fish were fed the test diets twice a day at a daily feeding rate of 2%-3% body weight for 56 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were weighed by batch for the determination of weight gain rate (WGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and then five fish from each tank were randomly sampled and pooled by tank for the analysis of proximate composition in the whole body. Another five fish from each tank were randomly selected to collect serum and liver samples for the analysis of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), free fatty acids (FFA), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). WGR, PER, and SGR of Japanese flounder decreased, while FCR increased with increasing SBM ratio in diets, and significant differences for the parameters were found when SBM ratio in diets increased to upon 24% (P <0.05) ; HSI followed the same pattern as WGR, and the values in D1 group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P <0.05). The values of CF were not different among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in whole body moisture, crude protein, and ash content of the fish among dietary treatments, however, crude lipid content decreased as SBM ratio increased, and the values of D3 and D4 groups were significantly lower than that of DI group. There was a tendency of marginal increased BUN content in serum and TP content in liver of the Japanese flounder with increased SBM ratio in diets, whereas the opposite trend is true for GOT, GPT activity in serum, and FFA conten in liver (P > 0.05) ; TP and HDL-C content in serum (P < 0.05). Serum TG and liver TG content increased significantly while the A/P ratio decreased to below 2:1 (P <0.05) ; serum CHO, serum LDL-C and liver CHO content of D1 group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P < 0. 05). These results indicate that higher ratio replacement FM by SBM (D3 and D4) in diets could adversely affect the growth and protein and lipid metabolism of Japanese flounder, and the optimal SBM ratio in diets was 16% based on the results of growth performance, body composition, protein and fat metabolism indices, and cost of weight gain in the present study.
Keywords:Paralichthys olivaceus  soybean meal  fish meal  growth performance  biochemical indices  
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